Patrick (Pat) Wahanga Hohepa

Ngā Puhi

Patrick Hohepa comes from Waima. He graduated with a B.A. from Auckland University in 1958 and with an M.A. degree from Auckland University. As a recipient of a Ngarimu post-graduate Scholarship, Hohepa studied for his PhD in Linguistics at the University of Indiana. From 1955-1959 he was Tutor in Māori Studies at the University of Auckland, and from 1960-1962 he was Junior Lecturer in Māori Studies. From 1965-1971 he was Senior Lecturer in the Department of Anthropology at Auckland University before becoming Senior Lecturer and Professor in Māori Studies at Auckland University.

Biographical sources

  • Correspondence from Dr Pat Hohepa, Nov. 1992.

    Children's literature

  • Pukunui me Moata Moa. Auckland, N.Z.: Probe Publications, 1981.
  • Co-authors Pat Hohepa and James Waerea.
  • Pukunui the Astronaut. Auckland, N.Z.: Probe Publications, 1982.
  • Co-authors and illustrators James Waerea and Pat Hohepa. (B. Gadd’s Bibliog. RIMU 1984)

    • Films/Video

  • Whiria - Pakanga. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Wahanga 4. Huurai. Māori.
  • The Adventurers. Filmscript, Thames Television/TVNZ, 1985.
  • Natural World of the Māori. Television Script. Documentary. TVNZ, 1986.
  • Episodes 1, 2, 3. Series entitled Manawhenua: The Natural World of the Māori. Shown TV1, Nov-Dec 1986 with writer acknowledgment.
  • Open House. Television script. Episode 35 "Manawhenua" Shown TV1 with writer acknowledgment April 1986.
  • Writer for Māori script passages. Māori consultant for Māori sets, cultural content. Series shown TV1, 1987 with writer and also Māori cultural consultant adviser acknowledgment.
  • Whiria - A Six Part Pre-European Māori Drama for Television. Script outline. TVNZ, 1987.
  • Whiria - Mahara. TVNZ. Auckland, N.Z. Wahanga 1. Maaehe. Maaori, 1988.
  • Whiria - Remember. Pat Hohepa and Rawiri Paratene. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Episode 1. March. English, 1988.
  • Whiria - Hoariri. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Wahanga 2. Aperira. Maaori, 1988.
  • Whiria - Enemies. Pat Hohepa and Rawiri Paratene. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Episode 2. April, 1988.
  • Whiria - Moko. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Wahanga 3. Mei, Maaori, 1988.
  • Whiria - Tattoo. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Episode 3. May. English, 1988.
  • Whiria - War. Pat Hohepa and Rawiri Paratene. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Episode 4. July. English, 1988.
  • Whiria - Waananga. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Wahanga 5. Akuhata. Maaori. 1988.
  • Whiria - Knowledge. Pat Hohepa and Rawiri Paratene. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Episode 54, English, 1988.
  • Whiria - Hawaiki. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Wahanga 6. October. Maaori, 1988.
  • Whiria-Hawaiki. Pat Hohepa and Rawiri Paratene. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Episode 6. English, 1988.
  • Takaparawha. Episode 1. Maaori/English TV Script, TVNZ, 1989.
  • Takaparawha. TVNZ Auckland, N.Z. Episode 2. Maaori/ English, 1989.
  • Selected Readings in Māori. With Bruce Biggs and S. M. Mead. 3rd Edition, 1990.
  • The Green Conspiracy. Film Script Outline. Filming rights purchased by Topstory Productions Ltd, December 1991.
  • Production Rights for the Whiria series purchased by Topstory Productions Ltd, June 1992.
  • Ngatokimatawhaorua. The two Ngapuhi war canoes. Documentary for video production. Filming and Interviews began May 11. Further filming August study break. 1992.
  • Māori Community in Northland. Maaori/English film/video documentary of contemporary Waima. Script outline completed. Filming began August 1992.

  • Non-fiction

  • "Māori, and the Language Situation in New Zealand." Anthropological Linguistics 6.6 (1964): 72-110.
  • A Māori Community in Northland. Eds. S. M. Mead & M. Groves. Auckland, N.Z.: Anthropology Department, Auckland U, 1964.(Bulletins of the Auckland University Anthropology Department, No.1) Rpt. Wellington, N.Z.: A.H. & A. W. Reed, 1970. Rpt. in 1974.
  • This comprehensive study of the small Northland Māori community of Waima originated out of Hohepa’s M.A. thesis. Hohepa provides a detailed description of the geography and historical developments of the region in the following time frames: pre-European period, 1815-40, 1840-80, 1880-1910, and 1910-1958. He examines the social and economic basis of households in Waima and discusses the concentration on dairy farming in the region, the consolidation of the land, and the causes of economic hardship in the area. His chapter on kinship relationships in the community and the role of the whaamere draws on a number of actual incidents he witnessed or heard about in the community. He makes an assessment of Māori language skills of the school children. In the last chapter he describes the various marae in the district, and provides detailed accounts of preparing for a hui and a tangi. He also discusses customs surrounding weddings, laws of tapu, grave-digging and conflicts in the region.
  • "Negatives as Transformations: The Case for Māori." Te Reo: Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand 9 (1966): 57-71.
  • A Profile Generative Grammar of Māori. International Journal of American Linguistics Memoir Series. Memoir 20, IUPAL Series, Chicago UP, 1967.[vii Bloomington: Indiana University, 1967. "Publ. in Anthropology and Linguistics: Memoir 20 of Internat. J. of Amer. Linguistics." (Taylor Bibliog. 66)]
  • Selected Readings in Māori. Eds. Bruce Biggs, P. Hohepa & S. M. Mead. Wellington, N.Z.: Reed, 1967.
  • "Origins of Māori Placenames." Te Kaunihera Māori: New Zealand Māori Council Journal Winter Issue (1968): 27.
  • "Problems of Māori Education." Listener 14 June 1968: 11.
  • Discussion by W. Rolleston, P. Hohepa and E. Taylor, Chairman P. Blizard.
  • "The NZBC Decision on Pronunciation of Māori Place Names Te Kaunihera Māori: New Zealand Māori Council Journal Spring Issue (1968): 65-71.
  • This was the submission by Dr Pat Hohepa to Parliament.
  • "Not in English and Kore and Ehara in Māori." Te Reo: Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand 12 (1969): 1-34. or 1-14.
  • "Embedding, Deletion and Gapping in Māori Narrative Texts." Working paper in Linguistics, No. 2. Honolulu: U of Hawaii, Department of Linguistics. 1969. Rpt. in Pacific Linguistics In Honour of Arthur Capell. Eds. S. A. Wurm & D. C. Laycock. ANU, Canberra (1970): 255-282.
  • "The Accusative-To-Ergative Drift in Polynesian Languages." Journal of the Polynesian Society 78.3 (1969): 295-329.
  • "The Polynesian Urbanite of Auckland". Young Māori Leaders’ Conference Report 1970.
  • "Cultural Minorities in Auckland". Equality Of Opportunity Through Education. Wellington, N.Z.: Association for the Study of Childhood, 1971: 16-24.
  • "Waitangi: A Promise or a Betrayal." Papers In Race Relations. Vol 2. New Zealand Race Relations 1-2, 1971.
  • "The Great Fleet and Māori Traditions." New Zealand’s Heritage 1.2. Ed. Ray Knox. Wellington, N.Z.: A Paul Hamlyn Ltd, 1971. 37-41.
  • In this discussion of Māori mythology and tradition, Hohepa outlines the Maui stories and the travels of Kupe and Toi from accounts by Kaamira, Te Whetu, Te Matorohanga, Aperahama Taonui and others. Hohepa writes of the pre-Toi inhabitants of New Zealand and the arrival of the various ancestral canoes.
  • "The Wars Between the Tribes (1)" New Zealand’s Heritage 1.8. Ed. Ray Knox. Wellington, N.Z.: A Paul Hamlyn Ltd, 1971. 208-209,212-214.
  • Hohepa gives a detailed account of Māori warfare in the first three decades of the nineteenth century, noting the devastating impact of the musket. She also provides a chronological account of various tribal war expeditions and particularly those of Ngapuhi.
  • "The Wars Between the Tribes (2)." New Zealand’s Heritage 1.9. Ed. Ray Knox. Wellington, N.Z.: A Paul Hamlyn Ltd, 1971. 236-237,240-242.
  • In this second part of Hohepa’s account of Māori tribal warfare, Hohepa continues his chronological description of intertribal warfare between 1821 and the 1830s.
  • "Hongi Hika - Warrior Chief." New Zealand’s Heritage 1.12. Australia: Paul Hamlyn Ltd, 1971.
  • "Life Under Apartheid." Te Māori: The Official Journal of the New Zealand Māori Council 3.2 (1972?): 29.
  • A strongly worded essay defining apartheid and its implications in South Africa. Hohepa berates the New Zealand governments of the late 1960s and early 1970s for fostering the idea of "bridge-building". After his trip to the United Nations in 1972, Hohepa viewed New Zealand as "pro-apartheid [and] pro-South Africa".
  • "Social Implications for Polynesians of the Enforcement of Majority Standards." NZ Law Journal 21 Aug. 1973: 347-352. Rpt. in Magazine of The New Zealand Chaplain’s Association 4 (1973): 11-22.
  • "Treaty of Waitangi." Technical Data Paper for Cabinet of 3rd Labour Government, 1974.
  • "Treaty of Waitangi." Technical Data Paper for Cabinet of 3rd Labour Government, 1974.
  • "Amendments to Māori Affairs Act 1953." Technical Date Paper for Minister of Māori Affairs, 1974.
  • "Ohu - Group Use of Crown Lands." Technical Date Paper for Minister of Education, 1974.
  • "Māori Education Development." Technical Data Paper for Minister of Education, 1974.
  • "Māori and Pakeha: The One People Myth." Tihe Mauriora: Aspects of Māoritanga. Ed. Michael King. [Wellington, N.Z.]: Methuen, 1978. 98-111.
  • Hohepa explores issues surrounding the "one-people" myth which he states had its origins in the possibly apocryphal sentiments of William Hobson at the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi: "He iwi kotahi tatou/Now we are one people". In studying aspects of this concept of being "one people", Hohepa questions issues of equality and contends that equality for Māori would mean consultation with Māori leaders on all areas that affect Māori. It would also entail the "recognition of Māori identity and for equal recognition of cultural aspects, attitudes and institutions that are different."
  • "The Language Situation in Western Samoa." Technical Report for the Government of the Cook Islands/University of the South Pacific’s School of Pacific Studies, 1978.
  • "The Language Situation in Western Samoa." Technical Report for the Government of Western Samoa/University of the South Pacific’s School of Pacific Studies, 1979.
  • "Language, Culture and Curriculum." Pacific Perspective: Journal of the South Pacific Social Science Association 8.1 (1979): 26-31.
  • "New Zealand and Polynesia: Education for Polynesians Towards the year 2,000." Proceedings of the Third International Education Conference, Melbourne 1980: 30-35.
  • "Hei Tiimatanga." Studies in Pacific Languages and Culture In Honour of Bruce Biggs. Eds. J. Hollyman & A. Pawley. Auckland, N.Z.: Linguistic Society of New Zealand, 1981. 33-35. In Māori.
  • "A Look at Māori Narrative Structures." Studies In Pacific Languages and Cultures in Honour of Bruce Biggs. Eds. J. Hollyman & A. Pawley. Auckland, N.Z.: Linguistic Society of New Zealand,(1981): 35-46.
  • "Waima: The People, The Past, The School." New Zealand Council For Education Research Publication. Waima School Centenary Committee, 1981.
  • "Current Issues in Promoting Language Use." Language Planning: Journal of the Institute of Culture and Communication, East West Center, Hawaii. 10.3 (1982): 19-24.
  • "The Road Back to Aotearoa." New Outlook 10 (1984): 29-31. Rpt. in Te Hikoi Ki Waitangi 1984. [?]: Waitangi Action Committee, Aug 1984. 27-31.
  • Co-authors Pat Hohepa and Atareta Poananga. Hohepa and Poananga write a discourse on the issues and implications raised through the Hikoi ki Waitangi of Jan-Feb 1984. They provide a history of the Kotahitanga movement and write of the significance of the formal welcome to the Kotahitanga at Turangawaewae, home of the Kingitanga. They also review the subsequent hikoi, in uniting "in a common kaupapa (objective) the various confederation, tribal, political and generational groupings in Māori society", as well as the different political parties, pan-Māori groups, religious leaders and many Pakeha groups. They add that "[t]he common objectives were to stop the treaty celebrations and to give Māori people time to discuss what should be done with the treaty"; however, two different groups emerged with differing solutions. First, there were the "integrationists" who look to "accommodation of Māori interests within the setting, laws and boundaries of a Pakeha-dominated society". Second, there were the "autonomists" who "could not live with compromise, accommodation or adaptation to fit into a white world.... [with] the change to a more assertive pro-Māori stance of independence, autonomy and sovereignty."
  • The Puriri Trees are Laughing: A Political History of the Nga Puhi in the Inland Bay of Islands. Auckland, N.Z.: Auckland University, Polynesian Society, 1987.
  • Co-authors Jeffrey Sissons, Wiremu Wi Hongi and Pat Hohepa.
  • "Māori Fisheries Rights." Technical Report for Muriwhenua. Re Waitangi Tribunal, 1987.
  • "Māori Congress Structure." Working Papers for Runanga o Ngapuhi, Kotahitanga o Tai Tokerau, 1989.
  • "Glimpses of Early History." Dominion Sunday Times 26 Aug. 1990: 13.
  • "Ngapuhi Alternatives to Prisons." Technical Paper for Justice Department and Minister of Justice, 1990.
  • "The Waimamaku/Kaharau Reserve Claims - Te Roroa." Written Technical Report read and presented to Treaty of Waitangi Tribunal Hearing in support of Te Roroa Claim, 29 May 1991, Whakamaharatanga Marae, 1991.
  • "Pouerua Mountain - the Traditional and Historical Record." Technical Report for Tai Tokerau Māori Trust Board, 1992.
  • "Geothermal Claims in Respect of the Ngawha Geothermal Resources." Research Report for Waitangi Tribunal, 1992.

  • Other

  • Various pamphlets for the Department of Health.
  • Te Kehua o Waima. Wellington, N.Z.: Wharekura Series, Department of Education Publications, Government Printers, 1962.
  • "The NZBC’s Latest Decision on Pronunciation of Māori Place Names." Te Kaunihera Māori 1.4 (1967): 17-19.
  • Te Whakatika a muri ake nei i nga Roopuu Hauora Me nga Whakahaere o te rohe o Akarana. (The Future Organisation of Auckland, N.Z.’s Health Services) Auckland, N.Z. Hospital Board, 1987.
  • Te Ika a Maui, Te Ropu Mahipukapuka, Te Tari Matauranga, Whanganui-a-Tara, 1989. Translation of Rewa McConnell’s Maui’s Fish. School Publications Branch, Department of Education, Wellington, N.Z., 1989.
  • Te Waka a Aoraki, Te Ropu Mahipukapuka, Te Tari Matauranga, Whanganui-a-Tara, 1989. Translation of Rewa McConnell’s Aoraki’s Canoe. School Publications Branch, Department of Education, Wellington, N.Z., 1989.
  • Translation of Roman Catholic Liturgy for Fr P Prendergast, Catholic Priest, now being used in services in Northland. Discussions on publication of Māori version of Liturgy continuing, 1991.

  • Performing Arts

  • Kupe. A play in 12 Acts, all in Māori. Reading By Taki Rua Depot Theatre, Wellington, N.Z., September 24-25, 1992.

  • Reviews

  • Rev. of Māori Youth: A Psycho-ethnological Study of Cultural Deprivation, by David P. Ausabel. RACE : Journal of the Institute of Race Relations, Oxford UP, Vol. VIII.1. No further details.
  • Rev. of A Dictionary of Some Tuamotuan Dialects Of The Polynesian Language, by J Frank Stimson & Donald Stanley Marshall. LANGUAGE: Journal of the Linguistic Society of America 42.4 (1966?): 849-851.
  • Rev. of MāORI: A Photographic and Social History, by Michael King. Art New Zealand 29 (1983): 6.
  • Rev. of Art and Artists in Oceania, by Sydney M Mead & Bernie Kernot (Ed). Art New Zealand 30 (1984): 60.
  • Rev. of Māori Artists of the South Pacific, by K. Mataira (ed). Art New Zealand 31 (1985): 60.
  • Rev. of Kororareka and Other Essays, by Ormond Wilson. The Dominion Sunday Times 26 August 1990: 13.
  • Rev. of Beyond the Tattooed Face, by Heretaunga Pat Baker. The Dominion Sunday Times 26 August 1990.

  • Theses

  • "Paerau: A Māori Community in Northland." Diss. U of Auckland, 1961.

    Other

  • "News of Māori Youth." Te Ao Hou 24 (1958): 59.
  • A brief note mentioning Hohepa’s graduation in 1958 with a B.A.
  • "Pat Hohepa in USA." Te Ao Hou 43 (1963): 45.
  • A short report on Hohepa’s time in the States during his Ph.D. studies at the University of Indiana.
  • Paterson, Mike. "Target Seen For Tribes." Te Iwi o Aotearoa Christmas (1987): 15.
  • About a visit to indigenous Americans in North America by Pat Hohepa and Atareta Poananga.
  • Benton, Richard A. Materials For Teaching And Learning The Māori Language: A Bibliography Of Published Materials For Teaching Māori To Speakers Of Other Languages Compiled And Annotated By Richard A. Benton. Māori Unit, New Zealand Council for Educational Research, 1979. 1,20.
  • Erai, Michelle, Fuli, Everdina, Irwin, Kathie and Wilcox, Lenaire. Māori Women: An Annotated Bibliography. [Wellington, N.Z.]: Michelle Erai, Everdina Fuli, Kathie Irwin and Lenaire Wilcox, 1991. 12, 23.
  • Rimoldi, Eleanor. Annotated Bibliography of Theses in Social Anthropology. Auckland, N.Z.: Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, N.Z., 1986. Working Papers in Anthropology, Archaeology, Linguistics, Māori Studies, no. 75. 31.
  • Taylor, C. R. H. A Bibliography of Publications on the New Zealand Māori and the Moriori of the Chatham Islands. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, Oxford UP, 1972. 49, 66.

  • Reviews

    A Māori Community in Northland
  • Baker, Sonny. "Books." Te Ao Hou 52 (1965): 57.
  • Harre, John. Journal of the Polynesian Society 75 (1966): 132.
  • A Profile Generative Grammar of Māori.
  • Hale, Kenneth. "Review Article." Journal of the Polynesian Society 77.1 (1968): 83-99.
  • Pukunui the Astronaut, Pukunui and his friend Moata Moa.
  • Hebley, Diane. "Children’s Books: Four fantails flitting." Listener 25 Apr. 1987: 74, 75.
  • Selected Readings in Māori.
  • Palmer, J.B. Te Ao Hou 30 (1960): 48.
  • The Puriri Trees are Laughing
  • McLean, Gavin. "Inprint: In the Regions: Flax town." Listener 26 Nov. 1988: 81-82.