Kingi Matutaera Ihaka

Te Aupouri

1921 - 1993

Kingi Ihaka was born in Te Kao and was educated at St Stephen’s School and St John’s Theological College. He was ordained as Anglican minister in 1949, was Pastor of Wairarapa from 1950-1952, Pastor of Wanganui-Rangitikei North from 1952-58 and Pastor of Wellington Māori Pastorate from He was the Māori Missioner from 1967-76 and Director of Māori Work in the Anglican Diocese of Auckland from He was Archdeacon of Taitokerau from 1976-84 and Vicar-General, Bishopric of Aotearoa, From 1984-87 he was Chaplain to the Māori Community in Sydney. He formed the Putiki Māori Club and managed the Wellington Anglican Māori Club in 1965 when it toured North America, Great Britain and Hong Kong. He was a member of the Wellington Māori Arts Festival in 1967 and has been the Chair of the New Zealand Polynesian Festival Committee and the Māori and South Pacific Arts Council. He was awarded the MBE in 1968 and received a knighthood. He was the Māori Language Commissioner and was very committed to the preservation of the Māori language. Ihaka was a noted composer and wrote waiata, haka, and patere, composing both the words and the music. He had a radio talk-back show in the late 1950s with Bill Parker. In the early years of Te Ao Hou, Ihaka published a number of articles entitled: "Māori Proverbs and Sayings" and "Māori Action Songs". Ihaka and George Tait wrote the Māori text of the play "Te Waka Karaitiana" which was written and compiled by Brian Kirby and performed at Ngaruawahia during the visit of the Archbishop of Canterbury to the Turangawaewae Marae.

Biographical sources

  • Phone conversation with Tom Ihaka, 19 August 1998.
  • Into the World of Light: An Anthology of Māori Writing. Ed. Witi Ihimaera and D. S. Long. Auckland, N.Z., Heinemann, 1982.
  • Tu Tangata 13 (1983): 9.
  • Te Hahi O Te Porowini O Niu Tireni: Church of the Province of New Zealand: Clerical Directory, 1988.

    Biography

  • "Kingi Ihaka: Regal Life." Mana: The Māori News Magazine for All New Zealanders 2 (1993): 67-68.
  • In this collection of tributes to Kingi Ihaka, Derek Fox includes various quotations by Ihaka made a year before his death concerning various aspects of his life, family and ministry.

    • Music

  • "Māori Action Songs." Te Ao Hou 24 (1958): 20-21.
  • Ihaka notes that despite the comparatively recent origins of action songs, dating back some fifty years only, their popularity has been considerable. Sir Apirana Ngata, Paraire Tomoana and others have composed a large number of such songs. Ihaka writes that action songs are written for special purposes: welcoming and farewelling people, commemorating special events and honouring individuals. He hopes to regularly submit songs to Te Ao Hou so that they will not be forgotten. In this article he includes the Māori texts of Ope Whanarere’s song "Te Wai o Whanganui’ and Sir Apirana Ngata’s ‘E ta ma!’ and he provides what he describes as ‘free and rhythmical’ English translations.
  • "Māori Action Songs." Te Ao Hou 25 (1958): 51-52.
  • In this article Ihaka provides the Māori text (and English translation by Sir Apirana Ngata) of Paraire Tomoana’s song ‘I Runga o Nga Puke’. This song was a favourite in World War I and was sung to farewell the Second Māori Contingent in Wellington Town Hall in September 1915. Canon Wi Te Tau Huata’s ‘Whakarongo Mai E Nga Iwi’ is also included with a partial English translation by Ihaka. Ihaka notes that this song was written for Huata’s Bible Class; the place names in the song refer to the home towns of various Bible Classes who attended one of Huata’s camps.

    • Non-fiction

  • "Māoritanga." Te Ao Hou 39 (1962): 50-51.
  • "Edward Pohau Ellison." Te Ao Hou 44 (1963): 46-47, 49, 64.
  • Ihaka writes a biography of the sole survivor of the Young Māori Party, Dr Edward Ellison. He traces Ellison’s whakapapa, childhood years, education at Te Aute and Te Raukahikatea Theological College, and his struggles to get through medical school. In the remainder of the article, Ihaka describes Ellison’s career in the Pacific Islands as a Medical Officer and later as Director of Division of Māori Hygiene in New Zealand.
  • "Our World Tour: he haere Taiawhio te ao." Te Ao Hou 53 (1965): 13-16, 52.
  • Ihaka describes in both Māori and English the world tour of the Wellington Anglican Māori Club in 1965.
  • [No title] Te Ao Hou 72 (1973): 8-11.
  • As chair of the first New Zealand Polynesian Festival Committee, Ihaka gave this welcome address to the Governor-General and Lady Porritt at the opening of the Festival at the Rotorua Sportsdrome.
  • "No Such Thing as a Māori Problem." Marae Magazine: Inaugural Issue (1974): 19-22.
  • The text of Ihaka’s address to the Auckland Rotary Club in 1974. Ihaka gives an overview of the Māori population in the early 1970s, sums up some of the issues that face Māori in this era, urges an upgrading of education for Māori and affirms the roles of the church schools and urban marae.
  • "Taku Haere Ki Japan." Te Ao Hou 76 (1975): 2-3, 21.
  • "He Matakupu: Ki Nga Iwi O Te Ao/ A Message to the People of the World." Te Māori: Māori Art from New Zealand Collections. Ed. Sidney Moko Mead. Text by Sidney Moko Mead/Agnes Sullivan/David R. Simmons/Anne Salmond/Bernie Kernot/Piri Sciascia. Auckland, N.Z.: Heinemann and The American Federation of Arts, 1984. 13. In Māori and English.
  • "Biculturalism and Museums from a Māori Point of View." AGMANZ Journal 20.2 (1989): 12-13.
  • Text of a speech given at an AGMANZ (Art Galleries and Museums Association of New Zealand) Conference in which Ihaka discusses various interpretations of biculturalism and lists his own conclusions of what biculturalism in the museum setting entails.
  • "The Marae." Te Iwi o Aotearoa 23 (1989): 14.
  • A guide in the form of questions and answers to marae protocol.
  • "Te Karere o te Ngahere." Nā Kingi Ihaka. Nā David Burke ngā pikitia. Te Tautoko 27. Wellington, N.Z.: Learning Media, 1996. 20-24.

  • Other

  • Daily Prayers of the Week. No details.
  • Etahi Inoi mō ngā Rā o te Wiki. 1954. No further details.
  • The Service of Holy Communion: In Māori, with Explanations and Prayers in English. Comp. Kingi M Ihaka. [Lower Hutt]: Masterton Printing Co., [1959?]
  • Tō Mātou Haerena ki Tāwāhi, 1967. No further details.
  • Mana 1.3 (1977): 2.
  • Ihaka commends the first issue of Mana "not only for the quality of the reporting but also for having published the paper in the various Polynesian languages."
  • A Pukeko in a Ponga Tree: [The Twelve Days of Christmas] Adapted by Kingi M Ihaka. Illustrated by Dick Frizzell. Auckland, N.Z.: Heinemann, 1981.
  • "Haka Taparahi." Into the World of Light: An Anthology of Māori Writing. Ed. Witi Ihimaera and D. S. Long. Auckland, N.Z., Heinemann, 1982. 24-26.
  • In this haka with Māori and English versions, Ihaka mourns the loss of the life, love, rights and lands of the Māori people since the signing of the Treaty. He urges Māoridom to "be strong, and stand!" and to clothe themselves in the Biblical armour of God so that they may be able to "quench the fiery darts... awake… [and] pass into life!" The editors of Into the World of Light note that this haka was performed by the Auckland Anglican Māori Club at the Third New Zealand Polynesian Festival at Whangarei in 1975.
  • "Poi." Into the World of Light: An Anthology of Māori Writing. Ed. Witi Ihimaera and D. S. Long. Auckland, N.Z., Heinemann, 1982. 26-29.
  • Ihaka gives a record in Māori and English of the spread of the Gospel in New Zealand and names the key Māori evangelists and ministers in the different tribal regions. In closing, he looks at the impact of the Treaty of Waitangi and mourns the loss of prestige and land that resulted after the Treaty was signed. This poi was performed at the Third NZ Polynesian Festival in 1975
  • "Te Atairangikaahu." The Penguin Book of New Zealand Verse. Ed. Ian Wedde and Harvey McQueen. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin, 1985. 264-266. Rpt. in Māori in Te Ao Mārama: Contemporary Māori Writing. Comp. and ed. Witi Ihimaera. Contributing ed. Haare Williams, Irihapeti Ramsden and D. S. Long. Vol. 5: Te Torino: The Spiral. Auckland, N.Z.: Reed, 1996. 54-55.
  • This was composition was written in honour of Te Arikinui, Dame Te Atairangikaahu. Written in Māori and English.
  • Whaanga, Philip. "Sydney Māoris Go Back to Basics." Tu Tangata 23 (1985): 8-9.
  • Whaanga interviews Ihaka about his impressions of Māori in Australia. Ihaka articulates his different plans to support and assist Māori living in Sydney.

    • Reviews

  • Rev. of Traditional Māori Clothing, by Dr S. M. Mead. Te Ao Hou 71 (197?): 54.
  • Rev. of Māori Games and Hakas: Instructions, Words and Actions, by Alan Armstrong. Te Ao Hou 49 (1964): 56-57.
  • Rev. of Richard Taylor: Missionary Tramper, by A. D. Mead. Te Ao Hou 56 (1966): 59-60.

  • Sound recordings

  • Taku Toa. 1960. No further details.

  • Traditional

  • "Proverbial and Popular Sayings of the Māori: Nga Whakatauaki Me Nga Pepeha A Te Māori." Te Ao Hou 15 (1956): 53-54.
  • Ihaka provides explanatory notes in Māori and English for two proverbs included in Hirone Wikiriwhi’s article "Proverbial and Popular Sayings of the Māori/Etahi Pepeha a Nga Iwi." in Te Ao Hou 12: 48-49. The proverbs are: "Ka tere Ruau, ka tere Pipiwhakao" and "Ko Turanga makau rau." Ihaka then discusses five other proverbs and provides English translations and explanatory notes. The proverbs are: "He Taru tawhiti", "E iti noa ana, na te aroha", " He tao huata e taea te karo, he tao na aitua, e kore", "Kia mahara ki te he o Rona", and "Kahore a te rakau nei whakaaro, kei te tohunga te whakaaro."
  • "Māori Proverbs and Sayings: Nga Whakatauaki me Nga Pepeha a Te Māori" Te Ao Hou 17 (1956): 45-46. In Māori and English.
  • The four proverbs in this article are all used at tangi or have some connection with death. Ihaka provides explanatory notes in Māori and English with each proverb. The proverbs are: "He matua pou whare, e rokohia an, he matua tangata, e kore e rokohia", "Ehara i te ti, e wana ake", "He matua waka e taea te raupine mai; he matua whare, e taea te ropiropi e te ringaringa; he matua tangata, ki te mate ana, e kore rawa a taea te raupine mai e te ringaringa", and " E ki ana ahau, i whangaia koe ki te nene o te tamure o Whangapanui, kia tiu koe, kia oha."
  • "Proverbial and Popular Sayings of the Māori/Nga Whakatauki Me Nga Pepeha Māori." Te Ao Hou 18 (1957): 41-42.
  • Ihaka presents four proverbs with explanatory notes in Māori and English. The proverbs are: "E Kore e Piri te uku te rino", "Ko Hinetitama koe, matewai ana te whatu i te tirohanga", "He aroha whaerere, he potiki piri poho", and "He iti pou kapua, ka ngaro, ka huna tini whetu i te rangi."
  • "Proverbial and Popular Sayings of the Māori/Nga Whakatauki Me Nga Pepeha Māori." Te Ao Hou 19 (1957): 41-43.
  • Explanatory notes in Māori and English are provided for these proverbs: "Kotahi te kohai o te ngira e kuhuna ai te miro ma, te miro pango, te miro whero", "Nga uri o Kiki, whakamaroke rakau", "Te Ati-awa o runga o te rangi", and "Rauru ki tahi."
  • "Proverbial and Popular Sayings of the Māori/Nga Whakatauki Me Nga Pepeha Māori." Te Ao Hou 20 (1957): 42-43.
  • Ihaka gives explanations in Māori and English for the following proverbs: "Toi te Kupu, toi te mana, toi te whenua", "Pikipiki motumotu ka hokia he whanaunga", and "He pounamu kakano rua."
  • "Proverbial and Popular Sayings of the Māori/Nga Whakatauki Me Nga Pepeha Māori." Te Ao Hou 21 (1957): 42.
  • Explanations in Māori and English for the Māori proverbs: "He kuku ki te kainga, he kaka ki te haere", "Tungia te ururua, kia tupu whakaritorito te tupu o te harakeke", and "Tama tu, tama ora, tama noho, tama mate kai."
  • "Proverbial and Popular Sayings of the Māori/Nga Whakatauki Me Nga Pepeha Māori." Te Ao Hou 22 (1958):42-43.
  • Ihaka provides explanations in Māori and English for thirteen Māori proverbs: "E kore e ngaro, he takere waka nui", "Kei muri i te awe kapara, he tangata ke, mana i te ao, he ma", "He moana pukepuke, e ekengia e te waka", "Ahakoa kai tahi, tera roto te haehae ke ra", "He ika haehae kupenga", "To waha hakirara", "He harore rangi tahi", "He po tu tata, he ao pahorehore", "Kaimata whiwhia, maoa riro ke", "Hawaiki kai", "Taihauauru i whakaturia e Kupe ki te maro-whara", "Kaore e pau, he ika unahi nui", and "Nga uri a Haunui-a-papa-rangi, nana i taotao te nukuroa o Hawaiki."
  • "Proverbial and Popular Sayings of the Māori." Te Ao Hou 26 (1959): 54-55.
  • Ihaka provides explanatory notes in Māori and English for the following nine Māori proverbs. "Ko te amorangi ki mua, ko te hapai o ki muri", "Ko te tui whakapahutu a Kahukura", "Nga uri o Whaitiri, whakapaparoa kai", "He waka eke noa", "He kura tangata, e kore e rokohanga, he kura whenua, ka rokohanga", "He kura kainga e hokia; he kura tangata e kore e hokia", "He potiki whakarihariha", "Ehara ta te tangata kai, he kai titongi kaki; e kore e rite ki tana ake, tino kai, tino makona", and "Kai kino ana a Te Arahe."

    Other

  • "The Rev. Kingi Ihaka in Hollywood." Te Ao Hou 34 (1961): 57.
  • A short account of Ihaka’s trip to Hollywood at the end of 1960. He journeyed there in order to "advise and perform in the film of Miss S. Ashton-Warner’s novel Spinster." Most of the article is devoted to a pastoral letter written by Ihaka sharing his impressions of the American people, his work in the studio and the state of the American Anglican or Episcopalian church.
  • Gregory, Paul. "Archdeacon and Former Mayoress Honoured for Their Community Work." Dominion 20 May 1989: 7.
  • Fox, Derek, Dame Te Ata, Waihoroi Shortland, Timoti Karetu and Bishop Vercoe. "Kingi Ihaka: A Regal Life." Mana: The Māori News Magazine for All New Zealanders 2 (1993): 67-71.
  • A biographical account of Sir Kingi Ihaka with tributes from Dame Te Ata, Waihoroi Shortland, Timoti Shortland, and Bishop Vercoe.
  • Taylor, C. R. H. A Bibliography of Publications on the New Zealand Māori and the Moriori of the Chatham Islands. Oxford: Clarendon, Oxford UP, 1972. 13, 83.